Abou Ben Adhem Poem

 

Abou Ben Adhem Summary Treasure Trove and Questions

The Poem: 
The poem Abou Ben Adhem by Leigh Hunt is the story of Ibrahim Ibn Adham, the king of Balkhi in his early age and later one of the most celebrated of Sufi Saints. He renounced his throne and embraced Sufism. Sufi tradition ascribes to him countless acts of righteousness and his humble life style.

Abou Ben Adhem reminds us of Christ’s answer to the lawyer who wanted to know the greatest of God’s commandments. Christ had replied, firstly, “Love the Lord thy God with thy whole heart, with thy whole mind and with thy whole soul’ and secondly, ‘Love thy neighbor’. It is on this second commandment that the poem is based. The Central idea of the poem is that God loves those who love their fellowmen. The poet through the example of Abou Ben Adhem inspires us to love our fellowmen. How can we love God whom we cannot see, if we are unable to love those human beings whom we can see? According to the poet, he, who is patient and thankful, is loving and forgets his self for others will receive a great reward – the love of his Lord.

Moreover, he took the message of this poem from a story found in D’Herbelots’ Oriental stories. Concord newspaper in a review called this poem the best lay sermon that can ever be written.

The Poet:
Leigh Hunt was born on October 19, 1784 in Southgate Middlesex England. He was the son of a Clergyman, educated at Christ Hospital. He made the love of poetry and literature popular in England.

According to him, although scientific knowledge was growing day by day, still it will leave untouched the invisible sphere above and about us.
He was the central figure of the Romantic movement in England. He produced narrative poems, satires, odes, epistles, sonnets, short lyrics and translations from Greek, Roman, Italian and French poems. His poetry is imbued with the spirit of cheerfulness, which makes it pleasant but not great. As a poet, he played a major role in freeing the couplet from the rigidly of neoclassical practice.

It is not known why a person like Hunt who published his first literary work at the age of seventeen in 1801 could not carry on the promise shown in his first published work Juvenilia. In 1816, the publication OF The Story of Remini, based on the tragic episodeof Francesca Remini in Dante’s Inferno gave him name and fame. In 1818, Foliage, his first volume of poetry since Juvenilia was published. From 1816-20, the continued editing The Examiner and wrote two journals. Other published works include A Tale of the Woods (1820), Stories from the Italian Poets (1846), Hero and Leander (1819) and Bacchus in Tuscany (1825).

The Poem in Detail:
Lines 1 – 6:
Abou Ben Adhem woke up one night from deep sleep. The poet wishes his tribe to increase that is, he wishes there may be more people like Abou Ben Adhem. When he woke up, he saw an angel writing something in a golden book. The angel had a light like a lily which was going to blossom. It was peaceful in the room and it gave Abou Ben Adhem courage.

Lines 7 – 12:
He asked the vision like appearance of the angel what he was writing. The angel raised his head and looked at Abou with kindness. He answered that he was writing the names of those who love the Lord. Abou curiously asked if his name was there. The angel replied in the negative which made Abou a little sad.

Lines 13- 18:
Next moment Abou requested the angel cheerfully to write his name in the list of those who love their fellow human beings. The angel wrote something and disappeared. The next night he came again with great light and showed Abou the names of those who had been blessed by God and with surprise Abou Ben Adhem saw that his name was on the top.

Literary Devices:
i. Form and structure:
The poem is a parable verse. A parable is a short story used to illustrate moral or spiritual lessons as told by Jesus in the Gospels.
The poem gives us a message that God loves those who love their fellowmen.
Hunt wrote the poem in rhyming pairs of lines (Couplets) Line-1 rhymes with line-2 (increase and peace) line 3 with line 4(room, bloom) and soon.

For Example:
Abou Ben Adhem (may his tribe increase!)
A work one night from a dream of peace.
As a poet, Leigh Hunt played a major role in freeing the couplet from the rigidity of the earlier practice in English Literature.

ii. Alliteration:
It is a close repetition of consonant sounds, e.g.
(vii) Awoke one night from a deep dream of peace
(viii) Answered, “The names of those who love the Lord”.

iii. Smile:
The comparison between two objects is called simile.
For Example:
‘Making it rich like a lily in bloom’.

iv. Climax:
The last four lines be a climax. The angel disappears after writing Abou Ben Adhem’s name. Then again, he appears the next night and to everyone’s surprise Abou’s name is on the top of the list, in which the names of those, whom God loves, are written and that is the climax.

v. Supernatural Element:
Leigh Hunt believed that the supernatural element will always be present in literature like angels, spirits and other supernatural beings. The term supernatural refers to something above reason unexplained by science or laws of nature.

Abou waking up in the middle of the night sees an angel writing something and the room was filled with brilliant light. It seems magical and unbelievable. It has an eerie quality and not comprehensible by man. It is also not clear whether Abou really saw an angel or it was a dream. Overall, the episode seems to relate to the realm of the supernatural.
Word-meaning:
may his tribe increase – may there be more people like Abou Ben Adhem in this world.
bold – courageous.
deep dream of peace – a real peaceful dream or a deep meditative condition.
presence – it is about the angel’s presence.
book of gold – a book having golden leaves
vision – angel
Lo – an exclamation of wonder or surprise
wakening light – bright light which wakened
Abou Ben Adhem from his sleep
vanished – disappeared.

Assignments
(1) Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
Abou Ben Adhem (may his tribe increase!)
Awoke one night from a deep dream of peace,
And saw, within the moonlight in his room,
Making it rich, and like a lily in bloom,
An angel writing in a book of gold,
Exceeding peace had made Ben Adhem bold.

1. Who was Abou Ben Adhem? What is meant by may his tribe increase?
A1. Abou Ben Adhem was not a fictitious figure. He was the king of Balkhi, who renounced his Kingdom to become a Sufi and adopt a humble living. Leigh Hunt’s Abou Ben Adhem is the story of Ibrahim Ibn Adham.

2. Explain the meaning of ‘deep dream of peace’. How could Abou have peace?
A2. Abou Ben Adhem was a religious and pious man. His thoughts were also the thoughts of peace. He wanted peace in this world. Those, who think of others, have the love of Lord in their hearts, have certainly the peace within.

‘Deep dream of peace’ means Abou Ben Adhem was dreaming of peace all over the world and being a man of pure heart, his sleep was deep and undisturbed. Therefore, he was having an undisturbed dream of peace.

3. Why is moonlight compared to a lily in bloom?
A3. Moonlight is the mixture of yellow and white and these colors are the symbols of purity. The lily is also of the same color and a symbol of virginity and purity. That’s why the moonlight is compared to a lily in bloom.

4. What does Abou Ben Adhem encounter upon wakening? Give the significance of the book of gold.
A4. When Abou Ben Adhem wakes us, he sees an angel in his room. He was writing in a book of gold. The ‘book of gold’ symbolizes the richness an encounter, when he loves the Lord, a richness of spirit that transcends this life.

5. What had made Ben Adhem bold?
A5. A person who leads a simple, pure and blameless life is not frightened by anybody. Abou Ben Adhem was a pious man and he felt no fear when he saw an angel in his room.

6. What kind of person was Abou Ben Adhem?
A6. Abou Ben Adhem was a pious man who believed in loving the Lord by serving and loving his fellowmen.

(2) Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
And to the presence in the room he said
“What writest thou?” – The vision raised his head
And with a look made of all sweet accord
Answered “Names of those who love the Lord”.
“And is mine one? said Abou spoke more low,
But cheerly still; and said, “I pray thee, then,
Write me as one that loves his fellowmen”.

1. What is referred to as the presence in the above extract? What does Abou say to the presence?
A1. An angel is referred to as the presence in the above extract.
Abou says to the angel what he was writing.

2. What is the vision referred to here? Why does it raise his head?
A2. The angel, who was in Abou’s room writing in a book of gold, is referred here as the vision.
It raises its head hearing Abou’s question regarding his writing.

3. What does the angel tell Abou Ben Adhem in the above extract?
A3. The angel tells Abou Ben Adhem that he is writing the names of those who love the Lord.

4. What does Abou curiously ask the angel? What makes him low?
A4. Abou Ben Adhem asks the angel if his name is there among those who love the Lord. As the angel answers that his name is not there, so he becomes a little dejected.

5. Does Abou feel disheartened at the angel’s reply, which words tell you so? What does Abou request the angel to do?
A5. Yes, Abou feels disheartened at the angel’s reply but not much as his answer shows ‘Abou spoke lower.
But cheerly still’, and said, “I pray thee, then write me as one that loves his fellowmen”.
Thus, he requests the angel to write his name among those, who love their fellow human beings.

(3) Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
The angel wrote and vanished. The next night,
It came again with a great wakening light,
And showed the names whom love of God had blessed,
And Lo! Ben Adhem’s name led all the rest.

1. What did the angel write? Describe what happened the night after the angel vanished.
A1. The angel wrote Abou Ben Adhem’s name among those who loved their fellow human beings. It so happened that the angel came again after the night it vanished.

2. Briefly give a character sketch of Abou Ben Adhem.
A2. Ibrahim Ibn Adham, also called King of Balkhi (718-782) is one of the most prominent of the ascetic Sufi Saints. He was a prince and renouncing his throne and a life of luxury and pomp and show, he became a Sufi following a humble life style and doing countless acts of righteousness. His life after becoming a Sufi, contrasted sharply with his early life as the King of Balkhi. He emphasized the importance of silence and meditation for asceticism. This poem is the story of Ibrahim Ibn Adham.

3. Explain the following lines:
(a) It came again with a great wakening light.
(b) And Lo! Ben Adhem’s name led all the rest.
A3. (a) The poet says that the angel came again the next night and again there was a dazzling light. Wakening light also means the light which roused Abou Ben Adhem from his sleep.
(b) When Ben Adhem saw the list again the next night, with great surprise, he found that his name was written on the top of the list.

4. What did the angel show Abou? How can you look at the extract as the climax of the poem?
A4. The angel showed Ben Adhem the list in which the names of those were written whom God loved. The text leading up to an event, mood or feeling of importance, in prose or poetry is called climax. Here the last four lines of the poem be a climax. After writing Adhem’s name among those who love their fellow beings the angel vanishes. To everybody’s surprise he returns the next night with a new set of names of people, who have been blessed by God. The word Lo! also adds to the climax as it is the height of surprise for Ben Adhem who sees what the angel has written,
“And Lo! Ben Adhem’s name led all the rest”
and the poem ends with its climax.

5. Based on the above extract bring out the main theme of the poem.
A5. The theme of the poem is that God loves those who love their fellowmen. Love of fellow human beings is the best type of worship. Abou Ben Adhem’s name was on the top of the list of those who loved their fellowmen. The poet through the example of Abou Ben Adham teaches us to love our fellowmen if we want to be blessed by God’s love. He, who is gentle, patient and loving to God’s creatures will receive a great reward – love of his Lord.

Class 7th. Unit - 13. Adverbs

 Unit - 13. Adverbs

Exercise- 1.

1. swiftly       

2. quietly

3. rarely

4. properly

5. How


Exercise- 2.

1. simply

2. angrily

3. happily

4. fiercely

5. mercilessly

6. shyly    

7. really

8. noisily

9. nicely

10. sadly



Exercise- 3.

1. She rarely makes a mistake.

2. He generally avoids bad companions.

3. We sometimes deceive ourselves.

4. We are rather late, let us hurry.

5. We nearly lost the match.

6. She was brave enough to defy her cruel husband.

7. He has never hurt any person.

8. She has just come in now.

9. He did fairly well in the examination.

10.  He hasn't finished writing yet.

11. I am often late for my lectures.

12. He usually comes home late at night.

13. There is hardly any chance of her recovery.

14. I have seldom seen such large apples.

15. There were scarcely a hundred people present.



Exercise- 4.

1. She eats vegetables only.

2. I met her only once. 

3. We can succeed only by hard work.

4. I worked only two sums.

5. The table cost only ten rupees.

6. I want only a cup of tea.

7. He died only a week ago.

8. We wanted to see you only for a minute.



Exercise- 5.

1. very

2. very

3. much

4. much

5. very        much

6. much

7. very

8. too

9. too

10. much



Exercise- 6.

1. very

2. too

3. enough

4. too

5. much  

6. quite

7. enough

8. too

9. much  

10. too

11. very

12. too

13. quite

14. very

15. much  

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Class 7th. The Play 'A Midsummer Night's Dream

 

The Play 'A Midsummer Night's Dream: Act 3, Scene 1. by William Shakespeare

Summary

A group of artisans-Bottom, Quince, Flute, Snout and Starveling-are planning to enact the play 'Pyramus and Thisby' at the wedding of Theseus, the duke of Athens. They gather inside a wood to rehearse the play.

Inside the wood, there is another world of creatures-magical creatures, whose king is Oberon and queen is Titania. Oberon has asked his handyman Puck to play a trick on Titania. Puck is to put the juice of a magical flower on Titania's eyelids, which will make her fall in love with whomever she sees first. Titania is sleeping near the spot where the artisans are rehearsing, but they have not seen her.

The actors start rehearsing. They are anxious to not scare the ladies in the audience, and that makes them wonder how to show Pyramus killing himself with a sword or how to bring a lion on to the stage. Bottom, who is playing Pyramus, suggests reading out a prologue to explain that the sword is not to be feared; Pyramus will not be killed; he is not really Pyramus. As for the lion, the actor playing the lion could peep through the costume and explain that he is a man and not really a lion.

They also decide that they shall incorporate moonlight by keeping a window open or with the help of someone representing moonlight with a lantern and a bush. A wall can be represented by putting plaster on someone's clothes and asking him to hold up and separate his fingers to indicate a chink in the wall. These matters settled, they begin speaking their lines. Sometimes, they confuse some of the words and sometimes they speak all their lines at once. Meanwhile, Puck enters the scene, unobserved, and is amused to see their humble and unusual efforts.

When Bottom moves away as per his stage directions, Puck changes his head into the head of a donkey. When Bottom reappears among his companions, they are scared and run away. Bottom is alarmed at their reaction, but he is determined not to act scared, so he stays there and begins singing.

His song wakes up Titania, who has had the magical juice put on her eyelids. Therefore, as she sees Bottom, she falls in love with him. As she declares her love, Bottom says that she has little reason to fall for him, yet admits that love seldom follows reason. Under the effect of the magic, Titania finds everything Bottom says or does wonderful, so when he expresses a wish to leave the wood, she tells him that he must stay there, with her, and tells him how her fairy attendants can pamper him. She summons four of them-Peaseblossom, Cobweb, Moth and Mustardseed-and asks them to attend to Bottom. As they greet Bottom, he shows off his wit by making puns with their names-Peaseblossom sounds like the blossom or flower of a pea plant; cobweb is used as a bandage; and mustard is a popular and pungent seasoning. Titania thinks it is about to rain, and orders them to move to her bower.

The comedy of this scene stems not only from the actors' unusual decisions and simple-minded mistakes, but also from Puck's mischievous tricks and the absurdity of the events that follow-Bottom walking about with a donkey's head and Titania falling promptly and madly in love with the transformed Bottom. Bottom's wordplay also adds to the humour. Titania's speech, on the other hand, has a musical quality, especially in para 47, where her lines rhyme with each other. She is a fairy, she is a queen and she is in love; that may be why her lines have been made particularly beautiful.

This text features three kinds of characters and events, that add to the complexity of the narrative: there are the real people and events-the actors rehearsing the play; there are the actions and the eponymous characters in the play of 'Pyramus and
Thisby'; last but not the least there are the fairy creatures-Oberon, Puck, Titania and her fairy attendants, whose encounter with the real, mortal characters create so much comic confusion.
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Class 6th. The Fountain Poem

 

The Fountain

Summary

The poem is as celebration of the spirit of the fountain which is constantly and tirelessly rising. The speaker finds the fountain inspiring, aspiring and happy. He wishes that his heart could imitate by habit the fresh, happy and aspiring nature of the fountain. The poet's use of rhyming words give the poem a rhythm that reminds us of the constant movement of the fountain. These words also help bring out the contrasting qualities of the fountain. He showcases to the reader the change and permanency depicted by the fountain, at the same time. He uses the fountain to direct our attention to these two elements and makes us realise that these qualities can also be seen in our lives.


THE FOUNTAIN

Understanding the Poem

1. The fountain is full of light during day and waving like a flower in the moonlight at night. It leaps and flashes from morning till night.

2. The fountain is happy throughout the day.

3. The fountain is always active, happy by nature and always climbing upward. The fountain never tires.

4. Ceaseless aspiring means that the fountain never seems to stop. It pursues its wish ceaselessly, irrespective of the time of the day.

5. The natural qualities of the fountain that the writer talks about are its ability to always be happy, to be grateful for all situations whether good or bad (weathers) and still doing its best, to be so full of life that it cannot be stopped, to always aspire without tiring and yet always be content.

6. The speaker wishes that he be like the fountain-always fresh, full of energy, forever climbing and changing, yet remaining constant.

7. The contrasting qualities of the fountain are-it braves all weathers uncomplainingly and yet, it seems to appear at its best all the time; it is always moving up and down and yet it rests; it is changed every moment and ever the same; it is aspiring and content/ its basic nature contains qualities of darkness and sunshine.

8. Free response. - Write the Answer in your own words.

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Class 6th. The Canterville Ghost

 

The Canterville Ghost

Summary

When a wealthy American man, Mr Otis, offers to buy Lord Canterville's mansion, the latter warns him that the mansion is haunted. Mr Otis laughs off the warning and moves in with his family. One day, as the Otis family is sitting down to tea, they notice a blood stain on the carpet. The housekeeper Mrs Umney reveals that it is the blood of Lady Eleanore de Canterville who was murdered at that spot by her husband. The Otis family scoffs at her fear and the eldest son, Washington, erases the stain. The stain keeps reappearing and so the youngest members of the family, the twins decide to keep watch in the study for the ghost. One night, Mr Otis is awoken by the sound of clanking chains. Annoyed, he wakes up to find the ghost. Instead of getting scared, he offers the ghost a bottle of lubricating oil for his rusty chains. To make matters worse, as the ghost is walking up the stairs, the twins who have been waiting for him, throw a pillow in his direction. Furious at not being taken seriously, the ghost vows to take revenge.

Unlike most ghost stories, it is humour and not horror that forms the underlying theme. Although the writer creates a spooky atmosphere, characters' reactions to the ghost are both, unexpected and hilarious. Here, we also see that the writer is drawing a contrast between the old and new ways through the Canterville family and the Otis family. This contrast also makes the story very amusing.


Understanding the Text

1. The speaker is talking about Canterville Chase. It gives a strange, scary feeling because the residents have heard strange sounds from the corridor and the library and have reported seeing and hearing a ghost.


2. By this statement, Lord Canterville means to say that the presence of the ghost scares people so much that it often results in their death. However, Mr Otis appears to think that the deaths have nothing to do with the ghost and are a mere coincidence. This tells us that he is not afraid of ghosts and perhaps does not believe in them.


3. In Scene 2, the traditional elements are represented by Mrs Umney while the modern elements are represented by the Otis family. The clash between these two elements is thus brought out in their interactions with each other after the bloodstain is discovered.
Mrs Umney is terrified while the Otis family mocks the very possibility of a ghost. Mrs Umney comes from England, a traditional country and represents traditional beliefs such as fear of the supernatural and the unknown.
We see this in her attitude towards the ghost-she appears to be afraid of it and does not want to anger it. The Otis family comes from America, (a more modern country) and thus they stand for modern beliefs such as the refusal to believe in ghosts and spirits. They refuse to even acknowledge the ghost's presence and ignore all the ways in which he tries to scare them.


4. In scene 1 we see what the ghost did to the Dowager Duchess of Bolton, the great-aunt of Lord Canterville


5. Here, we see that the ghost is trying to take on a monstrous appearance and thus we know that he is trying to scare his tormentors. However, their lack of fear has left him confused and so he feels the need to remind himself that he is scary.


6. a.  & b. - Write the Answers in your own words.


7. a & d - Write the Answers in your own words.  

Class 6th. Winter Oak

 Winter Oak

Summary

Anna Vasilyevna is teaching her students in Form 5 about nouns. She is a gifted teacher and is proud of her skill. When the students are asked to give examples, the class rings out with voices that name various objects that are familiar to them. Anna Vasilyevna is very pleased but her delight turns to irritation when she hears one lone voice cry out, "winter oak". This voice belongs to Savushkin, a little boy who is always late. Anna Vasilyevna scolds him for coming late and asks him for a reason for his lack of punctuality. He replies that he walks through the woods. Anna Vasilyevna is convinced that he is lying and insists on meeting his mother.

That afternoon, as Savushkin takes her through the woods, she is overcome by nature's beauty. Then, Savushkin takes her to the tree that inspired his answer. As she gazes upon the grand oak she realises that there is so much about the world that remains a mystery to her. She also understands the importance of the joy of discovering new things. She thus learns to see Savushkin in a new light.

This story reverses the role of teacher and student to make us reconsider what it means to learn new things. The rich, descriptive language enables us to soak in the beauty of the forest and the oak, thus filling us with the same sense of wonder as the characters and allowing us to come away with a renewed view of the world around us.

Understanding the Text

1. Anna Vasilyevna swapped lessons with the geography teacher because the latter found it difficult to cope with the noise, the inattentive pupils and Savushkin's lack of punctuality, so early in the morning.


2. Anna Vasilyevna felt that Savushkin was a difficult boy because no matter how hard she tried, she could not get him to tell her what she believed to be the truth.


3. While the others in the classroom named ordinary things such as wheel, tractor, cat and well, Savushkin's choice of noun was 'Winter Oak. His example was different because not only was it unique but it specifically described the oak tree in winter. Thus, from his choice of example, we
understand Savushkin considers the winter oak to be important enough to recollect in a lesson. This shows us that he has a deep connection with nature.


4. Anna Vasilyevna was sure that Savushkin was lying about coming late because she knew that his house was closer to school than that of some other students who were on time. To her mind, the only reason Savushkin could have been delayed was because he stopped to play and thus lost track of time.
She refused to even consider the idea that the child may be walking through the woods; she didn't understand why he would want to do so and thus, concluded that he must be  lying. In order to show him that she was right, she decided that she must meet his mother and told Savushkin to take her along the path that he took.


5. The oak tree helps Savushkin establish a connection with nature. Through the tree, Savushkin is able to observe and understand birds, animals and other creatures that come together in the delicate web of life. Savushkin's love for the tree tells us that he has a deep appreciation for nature
and enjoys spending time in its midst.Thus, the tree helps him by instilling sensitivity towards all living creatures in him and is therefore, important to him.


6. a. The walk in the woods helped Anna Vasilyevna change the way she thought about herself in ways. She realised that  there was so much that she didn't know and was humbled many by this. She understood how her rigid ideas of learning and education stopped her from enjoying the feeling of learning new things. Most importantly, she learned that she would be a good teacher only when she was able to find joy in learning.

6. b. . The walk in the woods changed Anna Vasilyevna's perception about Savushkin. She realised that the child was wise beyond his years. She now was able to appreciate the child's compassion for living things and his sensitivity to the world around him-this helped her understand his transformation from a young schoolboy to a 'little man'. It was these qualities that made her view him as a 'citizen of the future' who could be counted on to make a difference to the world.



B.

1. Anna Vasilyevna's idea of a well-begun day appears to be one where she teaches the lesson to her students who grasp it quickly. She also expects to be able to take charge of her class, command her students' respect and have them obey her. However, this particular day seemed spoilt because Savushkin had come in late, thus disrupting her plan for the class.


2. Write this Answer in your own words.


3. The path that Anna Vasilyevna has just discovered is the idea of enjoying the process of discovering something and learning more about it. This path is special because it delights the learner while also teaching them, thus making sure that they will cherish the lesson all their lives. This path also teaches the learner that the process of learning is not at all difficult and can in fact, bring people the teacher and the learner-immense joy and satisfaction. This path could lead the learner to a treasure trove of wisdom and knowledge that will guide them all their lives.

Class 7th. Unit - 12. Verbs - Active and Passive Voice

Unit - 12. Verbs - Active and Passive Voice

Exercise- 1.

1. A song is being sung by Sheila on the stage.

2. Ram has been made the class monitor by them.

3. This picture has been painted by my sister.

4. A telegram has been sent by us to them.

5. Is your friend always helped by you?


Exercise- 2.

1. A letter was being written by Anuradha to her friend.

2. My pen was stolen by Rana.

3. The match had been won by us last Sunday.

4. By whom was this letter written?

5. A story was told by the teacher to us.



Exercise- 3.

1. Money will be borrowed by her to complete her project.

2. How many people will be invited by you for your daughter's wedding?

3. By whom will tomorrow's match be umpired ?

4. The restaurant will be closed by then ?

5. The result will be announced by them by 10 o'clock tomorrow.

6. The telegram will be sent by me tomorrow.

7. When will the Olympic games be held by London ?

8. This work will have been finished by you by next week.

9. Our country will be served by us.

10.  We shall be blessed by everyone for the good deed  has been done by us today. 


Exercise- 4.

1. Sita's mother bought a present for her.

2. Why was the teacher punished you ?

3. A famous builder of Mumbai is building this house.

4. Everyone will blame us.

5. Someone has stolen my watch.

6. Enter by the left door.

7. He told me that all the roads would be swept.

8. Someone has set the question paper.

9. The children should participate in the event.

10.  They did not like being praised.


Exercise- 5.

1. He was appointed governor by the president.

2. This library cannot be used for a week.

3. Fresh elections will be held in March next year.

4. This letter must be posted by you by this evening.

5. You will be prosecuted by them if you walk on the grass.

6. By whom French is taught to you ?

7. All the thieves were caught by the police before they could escape.

8. Blankets are being distributed now by them to the poor.

9. The work will be finished by him by next week.

10.  The mirror was broken and hidden.


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